Cat Diabetes - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Cats with diabetes either lack insulin (Type I) or struggle to process it effectively (Type II). Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is crucial for digesting protein and carbohydrates, converting glucose into energy.
This advice is for UK pets only and is not a replacement for seeing a vet
Types of Cat Diabetes
Type I: Insulin deficiency due to a dysfunctional pancreas. Type II: Common in cats, similar to human Type 2 diabetes, linked to insulin resistance.
Causes of Cat Diabetes
Genetics, breed (e.g., Burmese, Siamese), male gender, age, and obesity increase the risk. Other conditions like thyroid disease, acromegaly, and pancreatitis can lead to feline diabetes.
Symptoms of Cat Diabetes
Watch for excessive thirst, increased urination, and weight loss despite normal eating. Advanced symptoms include an enlarged liver, dull coat, weakness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and collapse.
Diagnosis, Treatment and Monitoring
Diagnosis:
Vets perform blood tests, fasting for 12 hours, assessing glucose levels and additional tests like a full blood count, biochemistry profile, and urinalysis. Early identification is crucial.
Treatment involves:
- Diet: High-quality protein, low carbs. Prescription diets may be recommended.
- Exercise: Regular exercise helps control glucose levels and manage weight.
- Injections: Most diabetic cats require daily insulin injections.
- Oral Treatments: Used when injections are not possible, less effective than insulin.
Monitoring:
Regular vet checks, monitoring clinical signs, blood glucose, and urine glucose levels. Blood glucose curve, fructosamine, and general health profile tests provide insights.
Complications of Cat Diabetes and Life Expectancy
Complications can arise due to underlying health issues, insulin problems, or duration of insulin effect. Adjustments may be needed.
Life Expectancy: With proper care, many cats manage well for several years. Regular vet check-ups are crucial.