Diabetes in dogs: what to look out for and how it is treated
Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in dogs, characterised by the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or utilisation. This condition leads to elevated blood glucose levels, resulting in various clinical signs and potential complications.
In healthy dogs, the pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells for energy. In diabetic dogs, this process is impaired, leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar levels).
The British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA) notes that diabetes generally affects middle-aged and older dogs, typically diagnosed between 5 and 12 years of age.
This advice is for UK pets only and is not a replacement for seeing a vet
Causes of Diabetes in Dogs
Genetics: Breeds like Beagles, Poodles, and Dachshunds are more susceptible.
Medical Conditions: Cushing’s disease, pancreatitis, and obesity can contribute.
Symptoms of Diabetes in Dogs
Owners may observe the following signs in diabetic dogs
Increased Thirst and Urination: Excess glucose in the blood leads to increased urine production, causing the dog to drink more water.
Increased Appetite: Despite eating more, diabetic dogs may not gain weight due to the body's inability to utilise glucose properly.
Weight Loss: The inability to convert glucose into energy can lead to muscle wasting and weight loss.
Treatment and Monitoring
Diet: High-quality protein, fiber, and complex carbohydrates help manage glucose levels. Prescription diets or alternatives like Chappie can be considered.
Exercise: Consistent, moderate exercise prevents glucose level fluctuations.
Injections: Most dogs require daily insulin injections. Administered at the same time each day, varied. injection sites reduce discomfort. Avoid ‘piggybacking’ doses to prevent low blood glucose.
Monitoring: Regular vet checks and monitoring clinical signs, blood glucose, and urine glucose levels. Blood glucose curve, fructosamine, and general health profile tests provide insights.
Complications and Life Expectancy
Complications: Adjustments take time, and some dogs may not respond as expected due to underlying health problems, insulin issues, or duration of insulin effect.
Life Expectancy: Well-managed diabetes allows dogs to live a good quality of life. Regular treatment and monitoring are essential.
Diabetic Emergencies
Contact the vet immediately for ketoacidosis (lethargy, vomiting) or hypoglycaemia (confusion, weakness). Apply glucose gel if conscious.
If concerned about diabetes signs in your pet, contact your local Animal Trust surgery promptly.