What is Gum Disease in Cats
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common condition in cats. It's primarily caused by bacterial plaque buildup, leading to more severe types of inflammation (Gingivitis) and/or the destruction of the tissues and bone that support the teeth, leading to tooth mobility and eventual loss (Periodontitis).
Several factors can cause gum disease in cats:
Congenital factors
Diet and lack of oral hygiene
Infectious diseases - e.g. feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukaemia virus
Written by Dr. Mariella Roberts, Veterinary Surgeon, Animal Trust Vets CIC | Published August 2025 | Review date August 2027 | This advice is for UK pets only and is not a replacement for seeing a vet
Signs of gum disease in cats
Bad breath (halitosis)
Red, sore, and bleeding gums
Weight loss
Mouth pain
Pawing at the mouth
Drooling
Difficulty eating
Tartar build-up
Loose teeth
Reduced grooming
When to contact your vet
If your cat is showing any of the above signs of gum disease, make an appointment to see us or if your cat has broken a tooth, is unable to close his/her mouth, or has stopped eating, contact us immediately.
Diagnosis
Examination of your cat’s mouth
Your vet may recommend general anaesthesia and dental x-rays, and probing your cat’s teeth
Treatment gum disease in cats
Pain relief, to keep your cat comfortable
Antibiotics in certain situations, to treat infection
A dental scale and polish under general anaesthetic to remove plaque and tartar build-up
Tooth removal, if severe dental disease is discovered
Preventing gum disease in cats
Regular tooth brushing with safe cat’s toothpaste is the best way to keep your cat’s teeth and mouth healthy:
Use a safe cat toothpaste
Get your cat used to the taste of the toothpaste first for him/her to lick it and then on the brush to be licked off follow by reward
Stretch your cat's lips far enough to insert the brush gently between the lips and gums making small, circular motions on the outer surfaces of the teeth
Stop if your cat is sore or any signs of bleeding and contact your vet
Cat’s friendly dental mouth wash and or dental treats
Dental diet
Outlook
The outlook for cats with gum disease varies depending on the stage and type of disease. The early stage (gingivitis) is often reversible with proper treatment and home care. However, if left untreated, it can progress to a more advanced stage of the disease, which is very difficult to resolve and can lead to tooth loss. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a positive outcome.