What is Osteoarthritis in Cats
Osteoarthritis (OA), also called degenerative joint disease, occurs in cats when the joint surfaces become uneven, leading to the bones in the joint rubbing together, causing pain and inflammation. It’s much more common (and severe) in older cats.
OA can be primary (without an obvious underlying cause, where the disease may be due to mechanical ‘wear and tear’ in the joints) or secondary to a joint injury or abnormality.
Some factors may increase the risk of arthritis in cats such as certain breeds are more prone to develop hips dysplasia, patellar luxation.
Written by Dr. Mariella Roberts, Veterinary Surgeon, Animal Trust Vets CIC | Published August 2025 | Review date August 2027 | This advice is for UK pets only and is not a replacement for seeing a vet
Signs of Osteoarthritis in Cats
Cats are masters of hiding discomfort and pain, so often won’t show obvious signs.
Reluctance, hesitance or refusal to jump up or down
Jumping up or down less often
Struggling or being slow to go up or down stairs
Stiffness in the legs, especially after sleeping or resting
Difficulty using the litter tray (and accidents outside the tray)
Not hunting or exploring outdoors as often
Less interaction and playing with people or other animals
Less time spent grooming
More irritable or grumpy when handled or stroked
When to contact your vet
If you notice any changes in their behaviour, mobility, or overall well-being. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your cat's quality of life.
Diagnosis of Arthritis in Cats
Full examination of your cat by your vet
X-rays to confirm diagnosis
Possible blood test prior to any prescribed medications to rule out other problems
Treating OA in cats
Pain relief
Reducing inflammation with anti-inflammatory
Supporting joint health with supplements such as fatty acids and glucosamine
Weight management
Gentle exercises
Comfort with soft beddings, rumps to access places and low-sided litter tray
Spend time grooming and cleaning your cat as they may struggle to do this for themselves
Trim claws when necessary to prevent them from overgrowing
Place mats around the home to make slippery floors easier to navigate
Prevention
While complete prevention of osteoarthritis in cats may not always be possible, especially due to genetic factors, proactive measures can significantly delay its onset and improve a cat's quality of life.
Maintaining a healthy weight, providing regular exercise, and ensuring proper nutrition are key to minimising the risk or managing the condition.
Outlook
The outlook for cats with osteoarthritis (OA) is generally good with appropriate management, though it is a progressive and incurable condition.