What is Epilepsy in dogs

Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterised by recurrent seizures without a known cause or abnormal brain lesion (brain injury or disease). In other words, the brain appears to be normal but functions abnormally. A seizure is a sudden surge in the electrical activity of the brain causing signs such as twitching, shaking, tremors, convulsions, and/or spasms.  

The exact cause of epilepsy is unknown, but a genetic basis is suspected in many breeds. Common breeds that have a higher rate of epilepsy include: Beagles, Golden Retrievers, Border Collies, Border Terrier, Poodle, Boxer, Dalmatian and Vizsla.  

Additionally, seizures in dogs can be cause by several other conditions, including head trauma, heatstroke, low blood sugar, brain bleed, brain tumour, and toxins.  


Written by Dr. Mariella Roberts, Veterinary Surgeon, Animal Trust Vets CIC | Published March 2025 | Review date March 2027 | This advice is for UK pets only and is not a replacement for seeing a vet