Pet allergy testing is most commonly used in animals diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, a chronic allergic skin condition usually caused by environmental allergens such as pollens, grasses, dust mites, and mold spores. It is not usually the first step in investigating itchy skin but is used once other common causes have been ruled out. The main purpose of testing is to identify which allergens are triggering symptoms, so that targeted treatment (allergen-specific immunotherapy) can be designed.
Allergy testing is less reliable for diagnosing food allergies, and a food elimination trial is usually required for this.
Further reading: Food Allergies in Cats, Food Allergies in Dogs
Why is immunotherapy used for pet allergies?
For pets with atopic dermatitis, allergy testing is often carried out to support allergen-specific immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works by gradually desensitising your pet’s immune system to the environmental allergens that trigger their symptoms.
Treatment involves giving regular injections of very small amounts of the identified allergens. Over time, this can reduce the severity of allergic reactions and, in some cases, decrease the need for long-term medication. Immunotherapy is the only treatment approach that aims to modify the underlying allergic response rather than simply controlling symptoms.
Immunotherapy is a long-term treatment, and improvement is usually gradual, often taking 6–12 months to become noticeable. During this time, many pets will still need medication to help manage symptoms. Not all pets are suitable candidates, and your vet will discuss whether immunotherapy is appropriate based on your pet’s diagnosis, test results, and overall health.
Clinical studies suggest that approximately 50-75% of pets respond favourably to immunotherapy. Costs for immunotherapy vary depending on the number of allergens involved. Your vet will always discuss costs in advance, so you can make an informed decision about your pet’s care.