What is Dental Disease in Dogs

Dogs can hide signs of dental pain, so changes in their mouth or behaviour can be important clues. 

Signs of dental disease can include: 

• Red, swollen or bleeding gums 

• Yellow or brown tartar on the teeth 

• Bad breath 

• Chipped, cracked or broken teeth 

• Dropping food or difficulty eating 

• Eating less or refusing food 

• Pawing or rubbing at the mouth 

• Swelling around the face or jaw 

You may also notice changes in your dog’s behaviour. They may become less willing to play, chew toys or have their head touched, or may show unusual irritability when their mouth or face is handled. 

Some signs, such as bad breath or changes in eating, can have causes other than dental disease. If you notice a change in your dog, speak to your vet for advice. 

Dogs can hide dental pain, so it’s important to contact your vet if you notice signs of dental disease or a change in your dog’s usual behaviour. 

Contact your vet urgently if your dog: 

• Appears to be in significant pain 

• Has marked swelling around the face or jaw 

• Has difficulty opening or closing their mouth 

• Is unable or unwilling to eat or drink 

• Has significant bleeding from the mouth 

Dental disease is diagnosed through a clinical examination by a vet. They will examine your dog’s mouth and look for signs of disease affecting the teeth and gums. 

If dental treatment is needed, a more detailed assessment is carried out under general anaesthesia as part of the dental procedure. Each tooth and the surrounding gums can then be examined closely, and the findings recorded using dental charting. 

Dental X-rays may also be taken during the procedure to assess the tooth roots and the bone supporting the teeth, helping to identify disease that cannot be seen from the visible tooth surface alone. 

Treatment depends on the type and severity of dental disease and the individual needs of your dog. Your vet will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on what they find during the examination. 

Treatment may include professional dental cleaning, extraction of diseased teeth, or medication where appropriate. Home dental care can also help prevent dental disease from developing or progressing. 

Some conditions, such as advanced periodontal disease with severe bone loss around the tooth, are best treated with tooth extraction. Removing diseased teeth can relieve pain and inflammation and help restore a healthier mouth. 

In some cases, more complex dental conditions may require referral to a veterinary specialist. 

Regular dental care can help reduce the build-up of plaque and tartar and support your dog’s oral health. 

There are a range of ways to help care for your dog’s teeth at home, including tooth brushing, dental diets, chews, gels, wipes and powders. The most suitable options will depend on your individual dog. 

For more information about caring for your dog’s teeth at home, see our Dental Care at Home article. 

The outlook for dogs with dental disease is generally good when problems are identified and treated appropriately. Treatment can relieve pain, improve oral health and help prevent further damage. Regular home dental care and veterinary checks can help maintain your dog’s dental health.