Chocolate Poisoning in Dogs Explained: When Is It an Emergency?
Chocolate toxicity in dogs is one of the most common poisoning emergencies we see at Animal Trust Vets. Chocolate contains theobromine, a substance that dogs cannot metabolise effectively. This allows it to build up in the body and cause toxic effects. Chocolate also contains small amounts of caffeine, which can contribute to clinical signs.
While humans can break down theobromine safely, dogs process it much more slowly, making them far more sensitive to its effects. Even relatively small amounts of certain chocolates can cause serious illness.
Knowing when chocolate ingestion is an emergency can help you act quickly and protect your dog’s health.
Published February 2026 | Review date February 2029 | This advice is for UK pets only and is not a replacement for seeing a vet
Why is dark chocolate more dangerous for dogs
Different types of chocolate contain different levels of theobromine. In general, the darker the chocolate, the more dangerous it is, because it contains higher concentrations of theobromine.
Approximate risk levels:
Cocoa powder – very high risk
Dark chocolate – high risk
Milk chocolate – moderate risk
White chocolate – very low theobromine content
White chocolate rarely causes theobromine toxicity, but its high fat content can still lead to vomiting, diarrhoea, or even pancreatitis.
Your dog’s size and the amount eaten are just as important as the type of chocolate. A small dog eating dark chocolate is at far greater risk than a large dog eating the same amount.
What about chocolates with fillings?
Chocolates with fillings can pose additional risks beyond the theobromine content.
They may contain:
High levels of fat, increasing the risk of pancreatitis
Alcohol (such as in liqueur chocolates)
Xylitol, an artificial sweetener that is highly toxic to dogs
Macadamia nuts or raisins, which are also poisonous to dogs
In some cases, the filling may be more dangerous than the chocolate itself.
Is my dog suffering from chocolate poisoning? Symptoms to watch out for
When to call a vet if you think your dog has chocolate poisoning
If your dog has eaten chocolate, contact your local Animal Trust practice for advice.
Urgent assessment is especially important if:
Your dog has eaten dark chocolate or cocoa powder
A small dog has eaten any amount of chocolate
You do not know how much was eaten
Your dog is showing any symptoms
Even if your dog seems well, it is best to seek advice promptly.
When you call, please try to have the following information ready:
The type of chocolate eaten (milk, dark, white, cocoa powder)
How much was eaten (or how much is missing)
Your dog’s size or weight
When it happened
Keep any wrappers or packaging, as this helps us calculate risk accurately.
Why waiting can make it worse
Chocolate toxicity can worsen over time as the toxin continues to affect the body.
Early treatment, ideally before symptoms develop, can significantly reduce the risk of complications. In some cases, our vet may be able to make your dog sick safely to remove the chocolate before it is fully absorbed. Supportive treatment such as fluids and monitoring may also be needed.
Once more serious signs such as tremors or seizures develop, treatment becomes more intensive and the risks increase. Seeking advice promptly gives your dog the best chance of a good recovery.
Chocolate Poisoning in Dogs: Summary
Chocolate toxicity is common and can be serious, particularly in small dogs and when dark chocolate is involved.
Seek veterinary advice promptly if:
The chocolate was dark or high in cocoa
Your dog is small
The amount eaten is unknown
Any symptoms develop
The chocolate contained fillings such as alcohol, xylitol, nuts, or raisins
If your dog has eaten chocolate, it is always better to seek advice early rather than wait. Prompt action can make a significant difference to your dog’s recovery.
Further reading: Pet Poisoning Treatments: What Your Vet Will Do