Guide to Human Medications That Are Toxic to Dogs
Human medications are substances that can harm or disrupt the normal function of a dog’s body, even in small amounts. Depending on the medication, symptoms may range from mild digestive upset to severe reactions or even be life-threatening.
Accidental ingestion of human medications in dogs is a veterinary emergency. If you suspect your dog has eaten any human medication, seek immediate veterinary advice.
Published October 2025 | Review date October 2028 | This advice is for UK pets only and is not a replacement for seeing a vet
Common Human Medications That Are Toxic to Dogs
Ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin: interfere with the dog's ability to protect its gut and so can cause severe tummy upset. Ulcers may form in their gut, leading to blood in the stools and vomit. Kidney failure can also occur and may be delayed for several days.
Paracetamol: dogs cannot metabolise all of the drug, so they carry a poisonous substance in their body that cannot be removed, and which will cause damage to various cells, including liver cells.
Some antidepressants, anti-anxiety and sleep aids: antidepressants affect chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters, in the brain. If, however, a dog consumes toxic levels of antidepressants, neurotransmitters may build up in the brain resulting in excessive turmoil effects, exaggerated cell responses, and a cascade of effects that cause signs such as seizures or heart rhythm changes.
Petroleum jelly: not directly toxic, but it can cause health problems for dogs if ingested due to its oily nature and potential for causing guts upset like vomiting, diarrhoea, or even a blockage if a large amount is consumed.
Signs of Poisoning in Your Dog and What to Do
Symptoms of poisoning in dogs ca n be varied, but often include:
Behavioural changes (lethargy or agitation)
Other signs like tremors, difficulty breathing or pale gums and sometimes seizures
What to do if you suspect poisoning
If you suspect your dog has swallowed something poisonous, take immediate action and follow these steps:
Stay calm: remaining calm helps you make good decisions and will keep your dog relaxed too.
Contact your vet or your emergency out-of-hours vet: It’s extremely helpful for your vet if you can provide an idea of when and how much of the toxic substance your dog ate and the packaging if you have it.
Follow the instructions given by your vet: Your vet will advise whether you should treat your dog at home or take them to the clinic. Treatment for poisoning usually involves your vet giving your dog an 'emetic', a medication to make them sick, followed by activated charcoal to absorb any remaining toxins. In severe cases, your dog may spend the night at your vet on a drip to flush the system of any remaining toxins. You should never try and make your dog vomit yourself, as this can cause more harm if not done correctly. Your vet may provide you with a dedicated ‘poison line’ to call for advice in these situations.
Human Medications – Poisoning Prevention Tips
Secure potential poisons: keep all potentially toxic substances, including out of your dog's reach. Store them in locked cabinets or containers.
Supervise your dog: constant supervision, especially outdoors, can help prevent your dog from ingesting harmful substances.
Educate yourself: learn about poisonous plants and foods that are harmful to dogs. Avoid or remove these plants from your garden or house.
Keep rubbish bins secure: secure rubbish bins to prevent your dog from accessing potentially harmful food or waste.